ʻO ka Osmosis kahi hanana kahi e kahe ai ka wai maʻemaʻe mai kahi hopena dilute ma o ka membrane semipermeable a hiki i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka Semi permeable, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻae ai ka membrane i nā molekele liʻiliʻi a me nā iona e hele i loko o ia mea akā hana ia ma ke ʻano he pale i nā molekala nui a i ʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻO Reverse Osmosis ke kaʻina hana o Osmosis i hope. ʻO kahi haʻina haʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ke ʻano kūlohelohe e neʻe i kahi hoʻonā me ka ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe.

Pehea e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana Reverse Osmosis?

ʻO ka reverse osmosis kahi hana e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, nā mea paʻa, nā molekala nui a me nā minela mai ka wai ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi e hoʻokuʻi iā ia ma nā membrane kūikawā. He ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai no ka inu ʻana, ka kuke ʻana a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe.

Inā ʻaʻohe kaomi wai, e neʻe ka wai maʻemaʻe (ka wai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka osmosis i ka wai me kahi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ma o ka membrane semipermeable. ʻO kēia kānana membrane he nui nā pores, liʻiliʻi e like me 0.0001 microns, hiki ke kānana ma kahi o 99% o nā mea haumia e like me ka bacteria (ma kahi o-1 micron), uahi paka (0.07 micron_, viruses (0.02-0.04 micron), etc. ke hele nei nā molekala wai maʻemaʻe.

Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai hoʻihoʻi hou ke kānana i nā minerala pono a pau e pono ai ko mākou kino, akā he ʻenehana kūpono a hōʻoia ʻia e hana i ka wai maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe, kūpono no ka inu ʻana. Pono ka ʻōnaehana RO e hāʻawi i nā makahiki he nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke inu me ka hopohopo ʻole.

No ke aha e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai ka wai i kahi kānana membrane?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i kūkulu ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano kānana kānana me ka ʻole o ka membrane a me ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai osmosis reverse me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi membrane.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka kānana kānana me ka membrane me kahi kānana kalapona, nāna e kānana wale i ka ʻono ʻino, ʻala, chlorine, a me kekahi mau mea ola i loko o ka wai paipu. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana, e like me nā mea inorganic, nā metala kaumaha, nā kemika organik a me nā carcinogens. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻo Reverse osmosis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane ʻo ia ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i makemake nui ʻia e ka honua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane semi-permeable wai i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana ʻenehana polymer ʻokiʻoki. He ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e hele a hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻoneʻe i nā minerala inorganic like ʻole, nā metala kaumaha, bacteria, virus, bacteria, a me nā mea radioactive i loko o ka wai paipu e hana i ka wai maʻemaʻe.

ʻO ka hopena, ua paʻa ka solute ma ka ʻaoʻao kaomi o ka membrane a ua ʻae ʻia ka solvent maʻemaʻe e hele i kēlā ʻaoʻao. No ka "koho", ʻaʻole pono kēia membrane e ʻae i nā molekala nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​iona i loko o nā pores (puka), akā pono e ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hopena (e like me nā molekala solvent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wai, H2O) e hele manuahi.

He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma Kaleponi, kahi paʻakikī i ka wai paipu. No laila no ke aha e hauʻoli ʻole ai i ka wai maʻemaʻe a palekana me kahi ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis?

Kānana Membrane R/O

I nā makahiki 1950 mua, ua hana ʻo Kauka Sidney Loeb ma UCLA i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa osmosis (RO) ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me Srinivasa Sourirajan, nā membrane anisotropic semi-permeable. Hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia nā membrane osmosis artificial me nā pores o 0.0001 microns, hoʻokahi miliona ka mānoanoa o ka lauoho. He kānana kūikawā kēia membrane i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana ʻenehana polymer ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i loko o nā mea poke kemika e like me ka bacteria a me nā maʻi.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kaomi i ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e hele i loko o kēia membrane kūikawā, nā kemika kiʻekiʻe molecular kaumaha, e like me ka limewater i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a me nā kinikona kaumaha nui e like me ka lime, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hele ʻia i loko o ka membrane semi-permeable me ka maʻemaʻe wale nō. wai liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha molekala a me ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā meheu o nā mineral organik. Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i waho o ka membrane e ke kaomi o ka wai hou i hele ʻole i loko o ka membrane semipermeable a hoʻomau i ka pana ʻana i loko.

ʻO ka hopena, ua paʻa ka solute ma ka ʻaoʻao kaomi o ka membrane a ua ʻae ʻia ka solvent maʻemaʻe e hele i kēlā ʻaoʻao. No ka "koho", ʻaʻole pono kēia membrane e ʻae i nā molekala nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​iona i loko o nā pores (puka), akā pono e ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hopena (e like me nā molekala solvent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wai, H2O) e hele manuahi.

ʻO nā membrane, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomohala ʻia no ke kaua koa a i ʻole e hāʻawi i nā koa i ka wai inu maʻemaʻe ʻole, a e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou i ka mimi o ka astronaut i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana nā hanana i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wā e ʻimi ana i ka lewa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka aerospace no ka wai inu, a i kēia manawa, ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻoihana inu nui i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻenehana nui no ka hana ʻana i nā hue, a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai hale.