ʻO ka Osmosis kahi hanana kahi e kahe ai ka wai maʻemaʻe mai kahi hopena dilute ma o kahi membrane semi permeable i kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe aʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka semi permeable e ʻae ka membrane i nā mole liʻiliʻi a me nā ion e hele ma waena akā hana ma ke ʻano he pale i nā mole nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻO Reverse Osmosis ke kaʻina hana o Osmosis ma ke kua. ʻO kahi hopena i emi ka nui o ka nui e loaʻa kahi ʻano kūlohelohe e neʻe i kahi hopena me ka nui kiʻekiʻe.

Pehea e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana Osmosis hoʻohuli?

ʻO ka osmosis hoʻohuli kahi hana e wehe ai i nā mea haumia haole, nā mea paʻa, nā molekala nui a me nā minelala mai ka wai ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi e hoʻokuke iā ia ma o nā membrane kūikawā. He ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ia i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai no ka inu ʻana, ka kuke ʻana a me nā hoʻohana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe.

Inā ʻaʻohe kaomi wai, e neʻe ka wai maʻemaʻe (wai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka osmosis i ka wai me ka nui kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokuke ʻia ka wai ma o ka membrane semipermeable. He nui nā pores o kēia kānana membrane, liʻiliʻi e like me 0.0001 microns, hiki ke kānana ma kahi o 99% o nā mea haumia e like me ka bacteria (ma kahi o 1 micron), ka uahi paka (0.07 micron_, nā virus (0.02-0.04 micron), a pēlā aku. A ʻo nā molekala wai maʻemaʻe wale nō e hele ma waena.

Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai osmosis hoʻohuli ke kānana i nā minelala pono āpau e pono ai ko kākou kino, akā he ʻenehana kūpono a hōʻoia ʻia e hana i ka wai maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe hoʻi, kūpono no ka inu ʻana. Pono ka ʻōnaehana RO e hāʻawi i nā makahiki he nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, i hiki iā ʻoe ke inu me ka hopohopo ʻole.

No ke aha he kūpono ka kānana membrane no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai?

Ma keʻano laulā, ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i hoʻomohala ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa i loko o kahi ʻano kānana kānana membrane-free a me kahi ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai osmosis hoʻohuli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi membrane.

Hana ʻia ka kānana kānana membrane-free me kahi kānana kalapona, kahi e kānana wale ai i ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, ke ʻala, ka chlorine, a me kekahi mau mea olaola i loko o ka wai paipa. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia a hoʻohele ʻia ka hapa nui o nā particulates, e like me nā mea inorganic, nā metala kaumaha, nā kemika organik a me nā carcinogens. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai osmosis Reverse me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane ʻo ia ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai makemake nui ʻia o ka honua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane semi-permeable wai i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana ʻenekinia polymer kiʻekiʻe. He ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ia e hele ana a hoʻokaʻawale a wehe i nā mineral inorganic like ʻole, nā metala kaumaha, nā bacteria, nā virus, nā bacteria, a me nā mea radioactive i loko o ka wai paipa e hana i ka wai maʻemaʻe.

ʻO ka hopena, ua paʻa ka solute ma ka ʻaoʻao kaomi o ka membrane a ua ʻae ʻia ka solvent maʻemaʻe e hele i kēlā ʻaoʻao. I mea e "koho ai", ʻaʻole pono kēia membrane e ʻae i nā molekala nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​iona ma o nā pores (nā lua), akā pono e ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hopena (e like me nā molekala solvent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wai, H2O) e hele manuahi.

He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma Kaleponi, kahi i paʻakikī loa ai ka wai paipa. No laila no ke aha e hauʻoli ʻole ai i ka wai maʻemaʻe a palekana me kahi ʻōnaehana osmosis hoʻohuli?

Kānana Membrane R/O

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1950, ua hana ʻo Kauka Sidney Loeb ma UCLA i ka osmosis hoʻohuli (RO) ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me Srinivasa Sourirajan, i nā membrane anisotropic semi-permeable. ʻO nā membrane osmosis artificial he mau membrane semi-permeable i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia me nā pores o 0.0001 microns, hoʻokahi miliona o ka mānoanoa o ka lauoho. He kānana kūikawā kēia membrane i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana ʻenekinia polymer ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea haumia kemika a me nā bacteria a me nā virus ke hele ma waena.

Ke kau ʻia ke kaomi i ka wai haumia e hele ma waena o kēia membrane kūikawā, nā kemika kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka wai lime i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, a me nā kemika kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe e like me ka lime, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hoʻouna ʻia ma waena o ka membrane semi-permeable me ka wai maʻemaʻe wale nō o ke kaumaha molekala liʻiliʻi a me ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā koena o nā minelala organik. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai loko mai o ka membrane e ke kaomi o ka wai hou i hele ʻole ma waena o ka membrane semipermeable a hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i loko.

ʻO ka hopena, ua paʻa ka solute ma ka ʻaoʻao kaomi o ka membrane a ua ʻae ʻia ka solvent maʻemaʻe e hele i kēlā ʻaoʻao. I mea e "koho ai", ʻaʻole pono kēia membrane e ʻae i nā molekala nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​iona ma o nā pores (nā lua), akā pono e ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hopena (e like me nā molekala solvent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wai, H2O) e hele manuahi.

ʻO nā membrane, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no nā kumu lapaʻau, i hoʻomohala ʻia no ke kaua koa a i ʻole e hāʻawi i nā koa me ka wai inu maʻemaʻe a haumia ʻole, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou i ka mimi o ka astronaut i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka wā e hana ʻia ai nā hanana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei no ka aerospace no ka wai inu, a i kēia manawa, ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻoihana inu nui i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻoihana nui no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole, a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai home.